How Can I Reduce the Risk of Ovarian Cancer? Ovarian cancer prevention: The most common type of ovarian cancer is epithelial ovarian cancer. You can reduce the risk of this cancer by adopting the following measures. However, there are other types such as stromal tumors and germ-cell cancers. The possibility of lowering the risk of these types is lower as much less is known about the ways to lower the risk. Oral Contraceptive Pills Women who take oral contraceptives or birth control pills have a lower risk of developing ovarian cancer. The risk is lower for women with BRCA mutation genes and also for average-risk women – especially those women who took such pills for several years. The risk is 50% lower in women who used oral pills for up to five years or more compared to women who never used birth control pills. Oral contraceptive pills do some with other risks and side effects. Therefore, if you are considering using these pills, it is better to first discuss the pros and cons of using such pills. Women with a Family History of Ovarian Cancer and BRCA gene The presence of BRCA1 and BRCA 2 gene mutations is a potential risk factor. To reduce this risk, tubal ligation is an effective procedure. However, this surgery is recommended for other reasons rather than for this reason alone. In some cases, prophylactic or risk-reducing surgery may be considered if the woman wants to consider it to reduce the risk even before the cancer is suspected. If the risk is suspected in a woman who has finished having children, salpingo-oophorectomy may be recommended. Which women should consider this surgery? If a woman has any valid medical reason, then she should consider both tubal ligation and hysterectomy to reduce the risk of certain types of ovarian cancer. Many experts don’t recommend these procedures, only considering ovarian cancer risk. If a woman considers hysterectomy for a valid medical reason—and she also has a strong family history of ovarian and breast cancer—then she should consider bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (the procedure for the removal of both ovaries and fallopian tubes). Ovarian Cancer Prevention: Is prophylactic surgery beneficial? Yes, it is beneficial for women who have BRCA gene mutations and have also reached the premenopausal stage. According to research studies, this will help them reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by up to 85% to 90% and breast cancer risk by more than 50%. What are the unavoidable risk factors for ovarian cancer? You cannot do much about your advancing age; and also, if you have a strong family history of ovarian cancer. However, in this scenario also, you can slightly reduce the risk by avoiding other risk factors, such as – maintaining a healthy body weight and avoiding hormone replacement therapy after menopause. Bottom Line You must also understand the fact that some of the strategies may slightly lower the risk, but others may lower the risk much more. Some measures can be easily followed, while others may require surgery. If you are really in a dilemma regarding the risk factors of ovarian cancer and the best approach to reduce such risk, then meet and talk to me. I will help you in deciding which measure or strategy works best in your case based on your own situation. To learn more about ovarian cancer prevention, contact us Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
What Is Metastatic Breast Cancer (Stage-IV )?
What is metastatic breast cancer? Metastatic Stage-IV Breast Cancer Oncologists and breast cancer surgeons say that your cancer has metastasized. It means breast cancer has spread to an area away from the site of its origin (breast). The area to which cancer has spread is called “metastasis,” and—if breast cancer has spread to more than one area—the stage of the cancer is known as metastatic breast cancer. Many women take it to heart when they are told that they have breast cancer. Metastatic breast cancer means cancer has spread to other body parts, including the lungs, kidneys, and liver. Even if you have been diagnosed with metastatic breast cancer, you should not worry. There is a possibility of slowing down the most advanced type of breast cancer, provided you seek treatment from an expert breast cancer specialist surgeon. There are many ways in which your doctor can slow down the spread of breast cancer. There will also be a possibility of adding more years to your life. What is metastatic breast cancer—is treatment available? You can work with your panel of doctors who are treating you and come to your own terms to manage your life and treatment. Your awareness is a key factor that determines your expectation. However, different types of treatment options are allowing women with metastatic breast cancer to live longer. How is the treatment for early-stage breast cancer and metastatic breast cancer (stage IV) different? The treatment for early-stage breast cancer is focused more on removing cancer completely with a short-term goal and providing a cure. However, treatment for stage IV breast cancer becomes a part of the patient’s life and continues as long as the patient survives. The aim of the treatment is to slow down the progress of the disease with less pain and side effects. Which treatment options work best for metastatic breast cancer? Breast cancer specialists, breast surgeons, and oncologists recommend treatment based on the symptoms, the type of cancer—and its nature and behavior—the type of treatments that have been undergone in the past, and the overall health and age of the patient. What are common treatments used for metastatic (stage IV) breast cancer? These common treatments are often used alone or in combination: Hormone therapy medications can help slow the progress and spread of breast cancer cells if breast cancer is fueledcases of HER2-positive breast cancers wherein there is an excess amount of HER2 protein, doctors prescribe anti-HER2 targeted treatment and therapies. In the presence of HER2 protein, this type of breast cancer cell grows and spreads rapidly, but anti-HER2 drugs target these proteins and help slow the growth of HER2-positive breast cancer. Medicines that kill cancer cells are used in chemotherapy. A combination or group of medicines are used together to shrink and kill cancer cells fast. But, when compared to targeted therapy or hormonal therapy, the side effects of chemotherapy are more. The most common side effects of chemotherapy may include discoloration of nails, and skin, loss of hair, nausea or vomiting, and tiredness. Chemotherapy is generally given in cycles. Medical oncologists who prescribe chemotherapy keep a rest period in between chemo cycles to give time for the body to recover. Triple-negative breast cancers usually respond well to chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Surgery and Radiation Therapy: if metastatic breast cancer has spread to the liver or lung and is causing the blockage in the liver or lung, surgery followed by radiation therapy help in treating cancer and prevents cancer from spreading to other vital organs. Palliative care and emotional support that provide comfort to the patient are important. Medications can help in managing the symptoms or complications of cancer and also managing side effects. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Gynecological Cancer Screenings For Early Detection
Gynecological cancer screening Many women may get this question in their minds—is screening worth considering as a part of healthcare, or is it just a casual part of a routine health check? Let us try to understand why you must get cancer screening done. Early Detection of Cancer Do you know it is possible to detect ovarian cancer, uterine cancer, and cervical cancer early through scheduled screening procedures? Researchers and scientists have not yet identified all the risk factors and causes for each type of cancer. Still, there are some types of cancers that can increase the risk—making screening worth considering, says Dr. Geetha Nagasree. For instance, ovarian and breast cancers in many cases have a strong genetic predisposition. Both these types of cancers, in addition to Lynch syndrome, increase the risk in women with a strong family history. Therefore, women who have a family history of these conditions must talk to their gynecologic oncologists to know about the ways, including genetic screening, to reduce the risk. Female oncologists recommend the following types of screening tests: Doctors’ examination Self-examinations Blood Tests Imaging tests Genetic Screening s Types of Gynecological Cancer Screening There are three recommended types of gynecological cancer screening: Cervical cancer screening – for this particular type of gynecologic cancer, oncologists highly recommend screening tests. Both Pap test (smear) and HPV test can help detect and prevent cervical cancer early. This test helps in detecting uterine cancer as well. Gynecologic oncologists recommend this test every three years for women starting at age 21. Pelvic exams should become a part of annual health checks for women. It should begin at age 21. These exams help in detecting abnormalities in the female reproductive system. During a pelvic examination, an experienced gynecologist examines the vagina, cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and rectum. Endometrial and cervical tissue samples are checked for malignant cancerous cell growth or to check the signs of cervical or uterine cancer. This is recommended for women with a high risk for endometrial cancer. This can be due to their inherent susceptibility to cervical or uterine cancer owing to their strong family history. These tests are recommended when a woman has symptoms that need to be evaluated. What age is apt to start getting mammograms? According to the American Society of Clinical Oncology, for breast cancer screening, mammograms should start at age 40 in the absence of any family history. And for women with a strong family history of breast cancer, routine mammograms should start at an early age. Does getting screened significantly lower your risk of dying from cancer? Obviously yes! If you go for gynecological cancer screening, the possibility of detecting abnormalities in your reproductive organs becomes high. When an oncologist detects anomalies early, they recommend tests for cancer. Screening thus helps in detecting gynecologic cancer early when they are easy to treat. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Prevent Breast Cancer in This Way!
Prevent Breast Cancer in This Way! How to Prevent Breast Cancer? Experts are still unsure about how to avoid breast cancer. Physical activity on a daily basis may provide some safety. According to research, females who work out intensely and frequently were just half as likely to develop breast cancer as women who do not exercise. This has largely been observed in young and premenopausal females. Physical activity also helps breast cancer patients better handle the side effects of chemotherapy and recover quickly after surgery. It may also improve one’s chances of survival. Follow this Routine to Prevent Breast Cancer Maintain an Ideal BMI If you’re a healthy body weight, try to keep it up. If you ever need to reduce weight, consult a doctor about how to do so in a healthy way. Lower the number of calories you consume each day and gradually increase your physical activity. Minimize the Intake of Alcohol The more alcohol you consume, the more likely you are to suffer from breast cancer. Based on a study that examined the influence of alcohol on the risk of breast cancer, the general guideline is to limit oneself to one drink per day, as even tiny amounts enhance the danger. Minimize Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy The risk of cancer may be increased by using a mix of hormones. Discuss the risks and advantages of hormonal treatment with your clinician. Nonhormonal therapy and drugs may be able to help you control your symptoms. If you determine that the advantages of short-term hormone treatment exceed the hazards, start with the lowest possible dose that works for you and keep your doctor updated on your progress. Breastfeed Breastfeeding has been linked to a lower risk of breast cancer. Breast-feeding has a larger protective impact if you breastfeed more often. Stay Physically Active Regular exercise can assist you in weight management, which can aid in the prevention of breast cancer. Most healthy individuals should aim for at least 150 minutes of aerobic training or 75 minutes of strenuous aerobic training each week, as well as strength exercise at least two times per week. Quit Smoking Smoking is associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in young, middle-aged,d and premenopausal women. Cigarette smoke contains a large number of cancer-causing chemicals (carcinogens) and toxins. Women with a long history of smoking are at increased risk. Women with a strong family history of breast cancer and who smoke are at relatively high risk of breast cancer. The link between Birth Control Pills and Breast Cancer Hormonal contraceptives, which include pregnancy prevention tablets and IUDs that produce hormones, have been linked to an increased risk of breast cancer. However, the risk is regarded to be very low, and it reduces if hormonal contraceptives are stopped. According to recent research that found a link between both hormonal contraceptive use as well as breast cancer, for every 7,690 females who use contraceptive pills for at least 12 months, one additional breast cancer can be anticipated. How to prevent breast cancer with a healthy diet A healthy diet helps in the prevention of breast cancer. A balanced diet can help you avoid certain kinds of cancer, as well as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. Females who consume a Mediterranean diet with mixed nuts and extra-virgin olive oil, for example, may have a lower risk of breast cancer. Plant-based meals, such as fruits and veggies, legumes, whole grains, and nuts, are the pillars of the Mediterranean diet. Unsaturated fats, such as olive oil, are preferred over butter by Mediterranean eaters, who also choose fish over red meat. Bottom Line Keep an eye on the signs of breast cancer. Check with your doctor if you detect any abnormalities in your breasts, such as a new lump or skin problems. If you don’t know how to check for breast abnormalities by doing breast self-examination, learn it from your gynecologist or gynaec oncologist. How to prevent breast cancer? Based on your risk factors, personal preferences, and family history, ask your doctor when you should start mammograms and other breast cancer screening tests. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Do You Know The Diet To Prevent Cancer?
Do You Know The Diet To Prevent Cancer? Diet to prevent cancer | Dr. Geetha Nagasree Explains Presently, approximately 60–70 percent of malignancies can be prevented by avoiding risk factors and following existing evidence-based preventative initiatives” as per the World Health Organization report. The 2012 American Cancer Society (ACS) Principles for Preventing Cancer that demonstrate a high relationship between increased compliance to diet suggestions and decreased cancer mortality are among these evidence-based measures. Is there any Diet to Prevent Cancer? Before getting deep into this question, let us first try to understand the percentage of possibility to prevent cancer. In view of several research-backed studies, there is up to 70% possibility of preventing cancer. This means up to 70% risk of getting cancer in an individual’s lifetime can be managed by managing controllable risk factors. Whereas 30 risk of getting cancer is due to uncontrollable factors (genetic, environmental, and unknown causes). Similarly, with a balanced and nutritious diet, there is a 30% chance of preventing all types of cancers. Diet to prevent cancer Add fruits and vegetables to your diet Most of us are currently falling well short of the daily minimum of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables. Focus on eating “whole” meals that are as close to their original state as possible. For instance, rather than drinking apple juice, consume an unpeeled apple. The Best Diet to Prevent Cancer Breakfast: Top your whole-grain, low-sugar cereal with fresh fruit, seeds, and almonds (like oatmeal). Lunch: Make a salad with your preferred vegetable combination. Make a whole grain sandwich with lettuce, tomatoes, and avocado. Serve with carrots, sauerkraut, or fruits as a side dish. Dinner: Toss your preferred pasta sauce or rice dish with frozen or fresh vegetables. Broccoli, sautéed vegetables, or salsa can be added to a baked potato. Dessert: Instead of sweet desserts, opt for fruit. Incorporate an anti-oxidant rich diet Antioxidants found in plant-based meals aid to strengthen your immune system and shield you from cancer cells. Fruit-rich diets may reduce the incidence of stomach and lung cancer. Lung, oral, throat, and larynx cancers may be reduced by eating carotenoids-rich foods including carrots, Brussels sprouts, and squash. Non-starchy veggies including broccoli, spinach, and beans, as well as legumes, may help shield against stomach and throat cancer. Citrus fruits, berries, peas, bell peppers, dark leafy greens, and other vitamin C-rich foods may help prevent esophageal cancer. Tomatoes, guava, and watermelon, which are high in lycopene, may help in reducing the incidence of prostate cancer. Limit alcoholic consumption Women should limit themselves to one drink each day, while males should limit themselves to two. Pick whole-grain rather than refined grain products Rather than refined grain consumption, choose whole-grain bread, pasta, and cereal (barley or oats), as well as brown rice instead of white rice. Other processed carbohydrate foods, such as pastries, sweets, sugar-sweetened morning cereals, and other high-sugar foods, should be avoided. Add plenty of fiber to your diet Fiber, also known as roughage or bulk, is found in fruits, veggies, and whole grains and is essential for keeping the digestive tract healthy. It aids in the movement of cancer-causing substances through your digestive tract before they do damage. Colorectal cancer and other frequent digestive system malignancies, such as stomach, mouth, and throat, may be prevented by eating a high-fiber diet. Pick healthy fats Biscuits, crackers, pastries, muffins, pizza doughs, French fries, fried chicken, and hard taco shells contain trans-fat or partially hydrogenated oil, which should be avoided. Saturated fat from red meat and milk should account for no more than 10 percent of your daily calorie intake. Fish, olive oil, almonds, and avocados are all good sources of unsaturated fats. Salmon, tuna, and flaxseeds contain omega-3 fatty acids, which can help to reduce inflammation and improve heart and brain health. The Risk of Cancer Red and processed meat, such as beef, swine, lamb, liver, hot dogs, and deli meat, have been shown to increase the risk of colorectal cancer in studies. Furthermore, charring meat or frying it to extremely high temperatures can produce toxic compounds that can increase the risk of colon cancer. Alcohol consumption has also been related to colorectal cancer and raises the risk of breast cancer. When compared to women who do not consume alcohol, females who drink 2 to 5 drinks per day have around one-and-a-half times the risk of breast cancer. Women should take no more than one alcoholic drink each day, according to the American Cancer Society. Bottom line Many of us do not take any action rather we learn, understand, talk and then forget – that’s what we do. The need of the hour is to take action. The only way you can beat cancer is by adopting a pragmatic approach and by making changes in your lifestyle. Whatever, you have read, and understood about the diet to prevent cancer – start making changes in your dietary habits from now onwards. Also, remember to combine good nutrition with plenty of activity. If you do this, then you have around a 70% chance of preventing cancer in your lifetime. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Is It Possible to Prevent Cancer in Women?
Is It Possible to Prevent Cancer in Women? How to prevent cancer in women? You’ve certainly heard a lot about how essential it is to reduce your risk of developing cancer, but you’re probably wondering how much control you actually have. According to James Hamrick, MD, chief of oncology at Kaiser Permanente in Atlanta, “there is no rocket approach to entirely avoid cancer.” However, making lifestyle changes and receiving the correct health screenings can reduce your chances of contracting the condition. A 2015 news release from the CDC reveals that 1 in 5 women hasn’t had their cervical cancer screenings, and 1 in 4 had not had their yearly breast cancer screenings. According to Kathryn Rexrode, MD, chief of the division of women’s health at Brigham and Women’s Hospital, “there are varying viewpoints on how to prevent cancer in women; and, for that, how often should you really be checked for cancer. How do lessen the risk of developing cancer? The best method to lower your cancer risk is to establish healthy, daily habits. Annual cancer tests should not be used as a substitute for taking preventive measures to safeguard your wellness. “Testing isn’t always sufficient, and it doesn’t reduce the risk of cancer. Screening is the process of detecting early cancer so that it can be treated rather than preventing it, as lifestyle variables would be “Rexrode expresses his opinion. Furthermore, certain malignancies, such as pancreatic cancer and ovarian cancer, are harder to identify by tests. Tips to prevent cancer Vaccines – You can get a vaccine to reduce your likelihood of getting certain types of cancer. The human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, for instance, may protect against cervical, vulvar, vaginal, and anal cancer. Getting vaccinated against hepatitis B may reduce your chances of developing liver cancer. Avoid alcohol According to Rexrode, drinking considerably increases the likelihood of acquiring breast cancer, among other diseases. “It’s not popular news, but alcohol is very much up there in terms of important things that have been demonstrated to change your protracted cancer risk,” Rexrode adds. Balanced diet Being overweight and having a bad diet are also cancer risk concerns. A bad diet, being obese, and not working out are linked to one out of every 5 cases of cancer. According to Therese Bevers, a women’s cancer expert at MD Anderson Cancer Institute, eating a mostly plant-based diet lowers your risk of acquiring cancer. Stop smoking Tobacco use dramatically raises your cancer risk. According to the CDC, habitual smokers have a 15 percent to 30 percent chance of having lung cancer. Tobacco munching and smoking should be avoided at all costs. As per John Hopkins Medicine, stopping smoking reduces your cancer risk by 40 percent even if you have a smoking history. Wear sunscreen The most frequent type of cancer is skin cancer. According to Bevers, applying sunscreen with an SPF of 30 every day and shielding your skin with protective suits can significantly mitigate your risk of acquiring skin cancer. Moreover, avoid tanning beds, as they increase your risk of developing cancer. Exercising regularly To lower your risk of developing cancer, you should do at least 150 minutes of physical activity per week,” adds Bevers. As per the American Cancer Society, keeping an ideal BMI, frequent workouts, and a usually well-balanced diet are connected to lowering cancer risk for at least 13 forms of cancer. Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, laryngeal and pharyngeal cancer, mouth cancer, kidney cancer, stomach cancer, and liver cancer are all examples. Regular cancer screenings Most websites’ cancer screening recommendations are for people who have a normal chance of acquiring cancer, which means they aren’t customized to people who have a family background of the disease or another relevant risk factor. According to Rexrode, you and your family doctor can assess your danger and discuss how often you should be checked for cancer and whether you should undergo genetic screening. Book an appointment with me to know more about the prophylactic measures for preventing breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. Bottom Line Genetics, environmental pollutants, and lifestyle habits are all major risk factors for cancer, but no definitive etiology has been established. Make changing actions to lower your risk of developing cancer. These include quitting smoking and drinking less alcohol, as well as keeping a healthy body weight. Learn more about how to prevent cancer in women Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Screening Tests for Early Detection of Cancer in Women
Cancer Screening Tests for Early Detection of Cancer in Women Cancer screening tests are designed to detect cancer at an early stage, before it causes symptoms and when it is more manageable to cure. Screening tests that are effective include the following: Breast Cancer Screening Tests When a lump is too small for you to sense and differentiate and the disease hasn’t spread to other regions of your body, a breast cancer screening test can typically detect breast cancer. Mammogram This is the most common approach for doctors to detect breast cancer. It creates images of the interior of your breasts using X-rays. A 3D mammography consists of many images that allow your doctor to observe your breast from various angles. One breast at a time will be placed on a separate platform by a specialist. Then a translucent plastic paddle will be used to stretch your breasts out. This is done to ensure that the X-ray captures all of your tissues. You may need to shift postures so that the technician can take photos from various angles. For a few seconds, you’ll have to hold your breath. Consult your doctor if you have a higher risk of breast cancer due to family background or other factors. You may require mammograms earlier and more frequently than these recommendations suggest. Other cancer screening tests, such as an MRI, may be required. Self-examinations of the breasts—A majority of women don’t do breast self-examination. If you want to get to know your breasts better, consult a doctor about what you should look for and check. Colorectal cancer Colonoscopy, stool tests, and sigmoidoscopy: Several cancer screening tests have been found to minimize the chances of colorectal cancer. Colorectal cancer can be detected early via sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy, and it can be prevented too. Since these tests can detect abnormal colon growths (polyps) that can be eliminated before they turn cancerous. Women who are at risk for colorectal cancer should be screened using one of these tests. The test is recommended for women between the age of 45 and 70 years. Colonoscopy A flexible tube with a lens on the end will be used by your specialist to examine your entire colon and rectum. You’ll need to do some planning ahead of time. You’ll only be supposed to drink liquids for a day or two before the procedure, and you’ll take a sedative to empty out your colon. Sigmoidoscopy It’s similar to a colonoscopy, although it’s not as thorough. Only approximately a third of your colon can be examined by your doctor. On the plus side, you don’t need to prepare as much and can typically stay awake. It takes roughly 20 minutes to complete this test. DNA test—A DNA testing method is common, but the lab will additionally look for traces of polyps or cancer cells with gene alterations. Cervical Cancer It begins in the cells that line your cervix or lower section of your uterus. Your doctor can frequently detect these gradually altering cells using one of these tests before they cause problems. Pap screening test Your feet are on the leg rests as you lie on a table. A speculum is inserted into your vagina to enlarge it enough for your clinician to see your cervix. They will then brush or scrape a tissue sample away using a special scraper or brush. It’s possible that you’ll feel a little uncomfortable. The cells are taken to a lab where they are tested for malignancy. HPV (human papillomavirus) test It can be done at the same time as the Pap test and with the same cells taken. The lab examines you to discover if you’ve been infected with HPV, the bacteria that cause the majority of cervical cancers. Females should obtain a Pap test every three years starting at the age of 21. Some people may be able to have a Pap and HPV test every 5 years starting at the age of 30. Based on factors such as your age, test record, and probability of developing cancer, your doctor will recommend the best course of action for you. Lungs Cancer It’s the most lethal cancer in females, and it’s no secret that smoking is a key contributing factor. If you smoke cigarettes on a regular basis, you should consult a doctor about getting a screening test if you’ve not already. A low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scan is used to screen for lung cancer. It takes photos of your lungs with X-rays. It’s a simple process. As the table travels past the scanner, you lie on your back and lift your arms above your head. While it’s being done, you hold your breath for 5 to 10 seconds. Skin Cancer The USPSTF has no recommendations for or against skin screenings. However, the American Cancer Society claims that regular doctor visits are an effective approach to detecting skin cancers early. Check with your doctor how often you should receive a skin inspection if you’ve had the condition before or if you have a family history of skin cancer. Your doctor will evaluate your skin for any cancerous moles or other abnormal cells. At least once a month, you should inspect your skin for changes. Bottom Line Many women don’t like being screened for cancer due to a fear of positive results or abnormal findings. However, specialists recommend that women should become positive and go for regular health checkups and cancer screening tests. They must get tested for breast cancer and also go for uterine and cervical cancer screening after consulting their gynaec oncologist. Early detection of cancer provides effective treatment in the initial stages itself. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Breast Cancer FAQs
Breast Cancer FAQs Breast Cancer FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) How long does breast cancer take to spread from stage 1 to the next stage? When it comes to breast cancer, the most important factor for your doctor to consider when determining how quickly (or if at all) your disease may expand is the type of tumor you have. Distinct kinds of breast cancer behave differently, and therefore every cancer – and every individual – is unique, it’s difficult to predict how rapidly breast cancer will grow and expand. Nonetheless, physicians acknowledge that some kinds of breast cancer are more dangerous and develop quickly, while others spread more slowly. The following factors can determine the growth of breast cancer: The subtype of breast cancer—triple-negative and HER2-positive tumors—develops more quickly, but hormone receptor-positive breast cancers grow over time. Breast Cancer Stages Breast cancer is classified into four stages, ranging from 0 to IV. Stage 0 signifies cancer has stayed within the milk ducts or lobules of the breast and is non-aggressive. Aggressive breast cancer occurs when cancer cells break through and develop into the breast tissue, with the ability to expand to other parts of the body. Stage IV cancer indicates that it has spread to other organs. Cancer that has migrated to other places of the body has a higher chance of spreading further. The grades Once you’re identified with breast cancer, your doctor will assign a grade to your cancer depending on how similar your cancer cells are to normal cells. A higher grade indicates a more dangerous tumor with a greater potential of growing and spreading to other parts of your body. Age When compared to older ladies, younger girls are more prone to develop aggressive forms of breast cancer. Hormone-driven breast cancers are more common in older women, and they tend to be slowly progressing, but not necessarily so. Mutations in the DNA Breast cancer is more likely to run in your family if it is genetic. Some females with genetic variations (BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes) are at a greater risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer at a relatively young age, which is associated with more deadly types of the disease. Depending on your breast cancer subtype, stage, and personal circumstances, your cancer team will assess how probable or fast your breast cancer may expand. Breast Cancer FAQs How long can one live with stage 2 breast cancer? It’s crucial to note right away that survival rates aren’t a guarantee of how long you’ll live after being diagnosed with breast cancer and receiving medical treatment. Rather, rates represent the estimated number of people who will survive for a certain length of time. As per the American Cancer Society, females who have completed therapy for stage 2 breast cancer have a five-year life expectancy of 93 percent. Therapies have substantially improved in that time, so if you are freshly diagnosed, you may have a better chance of surviving for a prolonged period of time. Can breast cancer be cured fully? Breast cancer death rates have been steadily dropping since 1990, thanks to greater testing and knowledge, as well as breakthroughs in treatments. It’s imperative to remember that breast cancer is a highly curable disease, and if breast cancer screening often allows for the early detection of cancers, then medication has the highest success rate. Surgical treatments are also being developed, and innovations in the surgical methods are being examined to better both the complete resection of breast malignancies and the reconstruction of the breast after tumor removal. Is it possible to cure 4th-stage breast cancer? Breast cancer at stage four, often known as metastatic breast cancer, has migrated beyond its original site to different tissues and organs throughout the body. Stage 4 breast cancer has a 5-year survival rate of 27.4percent for female patients diagnosed between 2009 and 2015. There is currently no permanent cure for stage 4 breast cancer. It is, however, treatable and manageable. What are the best treatments for early-stage breast cancer? Breast Cancer Surgery—The conventional treatment for this stage is surgery. Because the tumor is minor, you may have a lumpectomy, in which only the tumor and some surrounding tissues are eliminated. Some women undergo a mastectomy, which involves the removal of the entire breast. In either situation, one or more lymph nodes will almost certainly be removed by the surgeon. You may choose to get breast repair (reconstruction) surgery after a mastectomy. Chemotherapy – Chemotherapy following surgery can reduce the chances of cancer recurrence. Cancer cells are targeted by the medications. Chemotherapy is more likely to be given to women who have had larger tumors eliminated. Radiation therapy – Radiation therapy has the ability to eliminate cancer cells that were previously undetected. It’s typically given following a lumpectomy. Women who have a mastectomy for stage I cancer may also require radiotherapy. For how many years can a breast cancer patient live? The 5- year survival rate is the most frequently mentioned figure. It is the % of cancer patients who live for at least five years after being detected. Many of these patients survive far longer, and others die from factors other than breast cancer. These figures may fluctuate due to frequent changes in therapies. Has anyone had a recurrence of breast cancer after stage 1? Recurrence is a possibility for everybody who has had breast cancer even after stage 1. Most of the patients who are diagnosed with breast cancer, on the other hand, will never have a return. Talk to your oncologist about the chances of recurrence of breast cancer and what you should do to reduce your chances. How is life after surviving breast cancer? Overcoming breast cancer may result in a beneficial shift for some individuals. You can promote healthy dietary and lifestyle adjustments, such as working out more and consuming a healthy balanced diet. Family and friends may be inspired to pursue a better lifestyle as a result of your activities. Many breast cancer survivors experience spiritual or psychological growth as a result of their treatment.
Ovarian Cancer Vs. Ovarian Cysts – FAQs
Ovarian Cancer Vs. Ovarian Cysts – FAQs Ovarian Cancer vs. Ovarian Cysts Ovarian Cancer A malignant growth that arises from the ovarian cells or nearby tissues is known as ovarian cancer. The cancerous growth can arise from the ovarian cells’ surface—it is known as epithelial ovarian cancer from the fallopian tube—and also from inside the lining of the abdomen that surrounds many abdominal structures. Ovarian Cyst Liquid- or semisolid-filled sac-like structures that are closed within the ovary are called ovarian cysts. Both ovarian cysts and ovarian cancer do not cause any discomfort or produce any symptoms when they remain small. However, once they grow and become very large or when cancer has advanced, then the symptoms may manifest. Both these conditions often share similar symptoms. How to figure out when one has ovarian cancer? Or How can ovarian cancer be detected early? A gynecologic oncologist orders the following tests for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer: ultrasound and CT scans of the pelvis and abdomen, blood tests, and tumor marker tests such as CA 125. A biopsy is also ordered to confirm the diagnosis accurately. After confirmation of the diagnosis, the doctor performs staging of cancer. MRI and PET/CT scans are the newer diagnostic approaches. What are the causes of ovarian cysts? There are many reasons for the development of ovarian cysts, including endometriosis, menstrual abnormalities, infertility, hypothyroidism, oral contraceptives, birth control methods, and benign growths in the ovaries. Ovarian Cancer vs. Ovarian Cysts—What are the common symptoms? Abdominal bloating Abdominal discomfort Pelvic pain or Abdominal pressure (lower abdominal pressure) Pain with sexual intercourse especially with deeper penetration Feeling full early when eating Are ovarian cysts harmful? Most the ovarian cysts are harmless, but some may cause problems such as pain, torsion, bleeding, or rupture, What is the difference between an ovarian cyst and ovarian cancer with regards to symptoms? Ovarian cancer vs Ovarian cysts: It is very difficult to distinguish both these conditions only on the basis of symptoms. What are the first signs of ovarian cancer? The most prominent early sign of ovarian cancer is abnormal menses or menstrual irregularity. What are the late symptoms of ovarian cancer? The symptoms that manifest later include Feeling full after eating little Loss of appetite Constipation Nausea and vomiting Accumulation of fluid in the abdomen (Ascites). It may cause abdominal distension and shortness of breath Abdominal swelling Pelvic pain or pressure Abdominal bloating Urinary frequency Pain with intercourse Gas and/or diarrhea Can an ovarian cyst cause sciatica-like back pain? Yes, an ovarian cyst can cause lower back pain that can radiate to the thighs and legs. When do ovarian cysts become cancerous? Most ovarian cysts are benign (non-cancerous); however, rarely, ovarian cysts may be related to ovarian cancer more… Very important information: “Can Ovarian Cysts Turn into Ovarian Cancer?” What should I do if I have an ovarian cyst? Doctors monitor ovarian cysts with a wait-and-watch approach if the cysts are small and do not become large or cause any symptoms. However, if cysts become large and cause symptoms, then they are removed surgically. Can ovarian cancer be prevented? How? Learn how to Prevent Ovarian Cancer. Is the Cause of Ovarian Cancer Known? In the majority of cases, the cause of ovarian cancer is unknown or unclear. However, there are certain risk factors such as gene mutations in the BRCA1 gene and a family history of ovarian and breast cancers. What are the symptoms of ovarian cysts? Ovarian cysts do not cause any symptoms unless they are large or rupture or twist when they become large. The symptoms associated with a large or ruptured cyst include the following: Nausea and vomiting Infertility Indigestion Heartburn A feeling of abdominal fullness Bloating Abdominal distension Abdominal tenderness Feeling pressure to have a bowel movement Problems having bowel movements Vaginal pain or spotty bleeding from the vagina Pelvic pain or pressure following vigorous activity or exercise Problems with the control of urination Pressure or pain with bowel movement or urination Chronic pelvic pain or low back pain throughout the menstrual cycle A feeling of lower abdominal or pelvic pressure or fullness Lower pelvic pain or abdominal pain. Pelvic pain may be intermittent or can be severe, sudden, and sharp Bottom Line To know more about ovarian cancer vs. ovarian cysts, book an appointment for a personal meeting. If you have any concerns regarding ovarian cyst or cancer – don’t hesitate to call. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
Surgeries for Advanced and Recurrent Ovarian Cancers
Surgeries for Advanced and Recurrent Ovarian Cancers Ovarian Cancer Surgery | Dr. Geetha Nagasree Ovarian cancer can be persistent, refractory, or recurring. Some patients who have tested positive and been treated may face this problem. In some cases, following initial treatment, cancer can recur. Oncologists, therefore, recommend surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Some patients respond well to systemic treatment with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and treatment with poly ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitors or other precision medicines. Ovarian cancer tends to recur in patients who have been treated for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer. Those who experience continued or progressive growth of cancer during treatment are said to have REFRACTORY CANCER. The Role of Surgery Ovarian cancer surgery: The prognosis is poor for such patients. For the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, surgery plays a role. It is especially helpful prior to beginning chemotherapy. In general, the treatment may involve surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Additional surgery to remove recurrent cancer combined with systemic therapy appears to further improve survival when compared to treatment with systemic therapy alone. Systemic therapy Surgery is the baseline or the first-line treatment for any type of ovarian cancer. In addition, if the cancer has spread to other tissues and organs of the body, systemic therapy is recommended. It involves the use of precision cancer medicines, targeted therapies, and chemotherapy. Furthermore, a combination of therapies involving a combination therapy or immunotherapy is suggested. All these treatments—to a large extent—depend on the effectiveness of the surgical treatment, the duration for which chemotherapy is administered, and how far the cancer has recurred. Selection of Chemotherapeutic Agents For effective treatment, oncologists recommend chemotherapeutic agents. The assays may help in the selection of the best chemotherapeutic agents. Tumor samples or ascitic fluid are sent to the laboratory for assay. An expert pathologist cultures tumor cells in media that contain a wide range of chemotherapeutic agents. Next, they select agents that have good efficacy and potential against some stubborn cancerous cells. It is also helpful in avoiding chemical agents that are associated with extreme drug resistance. Bottom Line Ovarian cancer surgery often offers relief to patients if they have recurrent ovarian cancer. In general, patients with recurrent, persistent, or refractory ovarian cancer can benefit from treatments that involve surgery and salvage therapy (a second-line systemic therapy). However, treatment options largely depend on the type, nature, and behavior of the cancer. Based on whether the cancer is recurrent, persistent, or refractory, treatment options differ. In most of the primary ovarian cancer patients, surgery is the backbone of multimodal therapies. In almost all cases, the effectiveness of all types of cancer treatments, to a large extent—depends on the success of the surgery and the post-surgical outcome. Despite grading and several other tumor factors, surgical outcome is the single most important prognostic tool for halting the progression and recurrence and improving survival. Dr. Geetha Nagasree has more than 20 years of extensive experience in performing advanced and complicated ovarian cancer surgeries. For the most effective treatment of ovarian cancer, meet her once for a one-to-one discussion. Heal, Therapy, Insight Facebook Twitter Linkedin
